cfra-kxhh's Code journaling

Bagging and Random ForestsRandom Forest is one of the most popular and powerful machine learning algorithms. It is an integrated machine learning algorithm. It is called Bootstrap Aggregation or bagging. Bootstrap is a powerful statistical method for estimating quantities from data samples. In bagging, the same method is used, but for estimating the entire statistical model, most often a decision tree. ** Get multiple samples of the training data and then build a model for each data sample. When ...

Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ)**One disadvantage of K-Nearest Neighbors is the need to keep the entire training dataset. ** The Learning Vector Quantization algorithm (or LVQ for short) is an artificial neural network algorithm that allows to select the number of training instances to be pegged and to know exactly how these instances look. The representation of an LVQ is a collection of codebook vectors. These are chosen randomly at the beginning and are suitable to best summarize the train ...

Plain BayesPlain Bayes is a simple but powerful predictive modeling algorithm. The model consists of two types of probabilities that can be calculated directly from your training data: The probability of each category; Conditional probabilities for each class given each x-value. Once computed, the probability model can be used to make predictions about new data using Bayes’ Theorem. When the data is real-valued, a Gaussian distribution (bell curve) is usually assumed so that these probabiliti ...

Linear Discriminant AnalysisLogistic regression is a classification algorithm traditionally limited to two-category classification problems. If you have more than two categories, the Linear Discriminant Analysis algorithm is the preferred linear classification technique. The representation of LDA is very simple. It consists of the statistical properties of your data, computed for each class. For a single input variable, this consists of: Mean value for each category. Variance calculated across ...

1origins：https://builtin.com/data-science/tour-top-10-algorithms-machine-learning-newbies A machine learning algorithm is described as learning an objective function (f) that best maps an input variable (X) to an output variable (Y): Y = f(X) The most common type of machine learning is learning the mapping Y = f(X) to predict Y for a new X. This is called predictive modeling or predictive analytics, and the goal is to make the most accurate predictions. Linear regressionLinear regres ...

Introduction to HTTP ProtocolHTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is a protocol for transferring hypertext (such as HTML, XML, images, video, etc.) over the Web. It is one of the core protocols of the Web and is used for communication between clients (usually Web browsers) and servers. The following is a brief description of the HTTP protocol: Fundamentals: HTTP is a request-response based protocol. The client sends an HTTP request and the server receives the request and returns an HTTP respon ...

Zombie Process is a child process that has finished execution in the operating system, but its parent process has not yet called wait() or waitpid() to get its termination status. When a process ends, the operating system will keep some basic information of the process, including process ID (PID), exit status, etc. for the parent process to query. And if the parent process does not take the initiative to call the above function to retrieve the status of the process, then the information of this ...

Asynchronous requests in PythonAsynchronous requests are at the heart of our system. Let’s think of it like this: When a user loads our site (website or web application), the user immediately starts seeing content. But it’s not quite ready yet. Therefore, we load the content asynchronously in the background as the user continues to interact with the page. These requests do not prevent subsequent code from executing while waiting for a response. This means that other code can continue to run whil ...

3.css3.1 The box modelEvery element in HTML is a box model, and each box model consists of four parts: content, padding, border, and margin, as shown below: 3.1.1 Contentcontentcontent is the content part of the element, and the common styles are as follows: **[1] width and height **Block-level elements and inline elements are different: inline elements can not be set, width/height attribute is determined by its content (text, image size); block-level elements can be set width/height ...

2. javascriptjavascript as a scripting language, syntax and Java there are similarities. For example, comments use double slashes (//), and semicolons (;) as the end of expressions… 2.1 Common typesCommon types are: String, Number, Boolean, Array, Object. 2.1.1 StringStrings can be wrapped in single or double quotes, and strings can be spliced using the plus sign (+). It is created as follows: 12345var str1 = "str1";var str2 = 'str1';var str3 = new String("str ...